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中国霾天气的气候特征分析 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：25
利用1961-2007年全国721个气象站的霾天气观测资料,分析了中国大陆地区霾天气的时空分布特征.结果表明:中国的霾天气主要分布在100°E以东、42°N以南地区,且"浊岛"现象非常明显;霾天气的季节分布基本为冬多夏少;近47年中国霾天气的总体趋势为波动增多,线性倾向率为3.19d/10a,1960年代至1970年代中期处于少霾的负位相,1976-2000年在很弱的正位相内振荡,但近5年霾天气显著增多;47年间中国霾天气序列有2次明显的突变,分别位于1970年代中期和2000年之后;在年际尺度上,霾天气与风力条件具有很好的反相关对应关系,f≥5 m·s-1日数和f≥10m·s-1日数与霾日数的相关系数分别为-0.809和-0.734,表明风力条件(大气污染物稀释扩散能力)的变化对霾天气增减趋势的影响非常显著. 相似文献
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利用自动站资料、雷达观测资料、NECP1°×1°再分析资料,采用相对于台风中心的移动坐标合成分析方法以及WRF模式的诊断分析,对2005年8月登陆浙江造成历史罕见特大暴雨的台风麦莎(Matsa)降水量分布特征进行分析,讨论与特大暴雨有关的台风结构变异。结果表明:①台风麦莎影响期间降水量的分布与通常热带气旋以螺旋雨带结构为主要特征的风雨分布特征显著不同,台风麦莎(Matsa)系统的右前、右后(第1、第2)象限出现了结构显著变异,对台风特大暴雨的特征落区分布有明显影响。②雷达与自动气象站资料分析揭示,在台风第1和第2象限发现有多个雨团重复生成和移动,它们与雷达回波观测到的强弱相间的中尺度上升和下沉气流相间区域相对应,是中尺度"降水细胞"频繁再生与移动的强烈发展区,对构成台风特大暴雨和灾害起重要作用。③具有再生能力的"暴雨细胞"特征结构的强烈发展区域出现动能的显著聚集,有利于台风中水汽在该区域的抽吸。台风系统的局部出现这样结构变异特征,对台风强降水落区的监测预报有重要指示意义。 相似文献
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It has long been known that incipient tropical cyclones (TCs) always occur in
synoptic-scale disturbances or tropical cyclogenesis precursors, and the disturbances can
intensify only within a limited area during tropical cyclogenesis. An observational analysis
of five tropical cyclogenesis events over the western North Pacific during 11 August to 10
September 2004 is conducted to demonstrate the role of synoptic-scale disturbances in
establishing a limited area of low-deformation vorticity for tropical cyclogenesis.
The analysis of the five tropical cyclogenesis events shows that synoptic-scale tropical
cyclogenesis precursors provide a region of low-deformation vorticity, which is measured with
large positive values of the Okubo-Weiss (OW) parameter. The OW concentrated areas are within
the tropical cyclogenesis precursors with a radius of about 400-500 km and can be found as
early as 72 hours prior to the formation of the tropical depression. When the TCs reached the
tropical storm intensity, the concentrated OW is confined to an area of 200-300 radius and the
storm centers are coincident with the centers of the maximum OW. This study indicates that the
tropical cyclogenesis occurs in the low-deformation 18-72 hours prior to the formation of
tropical depressions, suggesting the importance of low-deformation vorticity in pre-existent
synoptic-scale disturbances. Although the Rossby radius of deformation is reduced in TC
genesis precedes, the reduction does not sufficiently make effective conversion of convective
heating into kinetic energy within the low-deformation area. Further analysis indicates that
the initial development of four of the five disturbances is coupled with the counterclockwise
circulation of the mixed Rossby-Gravity (MRG) wave. 相似文献
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